chicago religious demographics chicago religious demographics

The per capita income for the city was $20,175. Theatre-goers can choose from thousands of performances annually, featuring everything from Shakespeare to variety, in many languages. Cubans first migrated to Chicago during the 1950s. ", Appendix C: Regional Freight Transportation Profiles, "Preliminary Traffic Results for 2005 Show Firm Rebound (March 14, 2006)", "Top IDOT official says third airport will be built", "What really happens to Chicago's blue cart recycling? Learn More: party affiliation, Republican/lean Rep., No lean, Democrat/lean Dem. [citation needed] Since the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, four large companies left the Chicago area, Boeing left to focus on its defense contracts, Caterpillar, and Tyson Foods left to consolidate operations, and Citadel LLC cited crime-related factors. Several private schools are completely secular, such as the Latin School of Chicago in the Near North Side neighborhood, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools in Hyde Park, the British School of Chicago and the Francis W. Parker School in Lincoln Park, the Lyce Franais de Chicago in Uptown, the Feltre School in River North and the Morgan Park Academy. The park is home to a constantly rotating schedule of free cultural events for all ages, all year long. (formerly ImprovOlympic). Religion Census 2010 offers unique insights into religious populations. 81.8%. The July daily average temperature is 75.9F (24.4C), with afternoon temperatures peaking at 85.0F (29.4C). [citation needed], The Cubs are the oldest Major League Baseball team to have never changed their city;[255] they have played in Chicago since 1871, and continuously so since 1874 due to the Great Chicago Fire. [361] In some cases, these exchanges have led to further informal collaborations, such as the academic relationship between the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and the Institute of Gerontology of Ukraine (originally of the Soviet Union), that was originally established as part of the Chicago-Kyiv sister cities program.[363]. [citation needed]. National polls rarely give any religious data below the national level. Protestant bodies account for most congregations and adherents. On the shore of Lake Michigan, Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. The city claims three Dow30 companies: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001,[196] McDonald's and Walgreens Boots Alliance. [215], Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, governmental and commercial institutions and the site of Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. The central area includes the Near North Side, the Near South Side, and the Near West Side, as well as the Loop. There were 1,152,868 housing units at an average density of 5,075.8 per square mile (1,959.8/km2). The U.S. By 1930 450 families of Volga German heritage were living in the Jefferson Park area, most of whom originated from Wiesenseite. ), Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad. In 2019, the team announced a move back to Soldier Field. Chicago's flourishing economy attracted huge numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the Eastern United States. 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[332], The city of Chicago has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. Home to more than 200 professional dance companies including the Joffrey Ballet and Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, Chicago delivers a packed calendar of performances on downtown stages and in neighborhood venues and parks. Well-known chefs who have had restaurants in Chicago include: Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. [35][36] The Chicago metropolitan area also includes adherents of Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and the Bah Faith, among others. [330], The city was particularly important for the development of the harsh and electronic based music genre known as industrial. At the Call of Duty League's Launch Week games in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the Chicago Huntsmen went on to beat both the Dallas Empire and Optic Gaming Los Angeles. Among the nations biggest metro areas, Phoenix has one of the highest concentrations of Mormons (6%). Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Beginning in January 2019, Newsy began producing 12 of its 14 hours of live news programming per day from its new facility in Chicago. Both the Bulls and the Blackhawks play at the United Center. frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by metro area, Learn More: frequency of feeling wonder about the universe, At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they look tomost for guidance on right and wrong, Compare: [273] In addition to ongoing beautification and renewal projects for the existing parks, a number of new parks have been added in recent years, such as the Ping Tom Memorial Park in Chinatown, DuSable Park on the Near North Side, and most notably, Millennium Park, which is in the northwestern corner of one of Chicago's oldest parks, Grant Park in the Chicago Loop. The ethnic makeup of the population is 28% Hispanic and 72% belong to non Hispanic background. The Bears have won more games in the history of the NFL than any other team,[257] and only the Green Bay Packers, their longtime rivals, have won more championships. The chief advocate for improving public health in Chicago was Dr. John H. Rauch, M.D. The city also has one PBS member station (its second: WYCC 20, removed its affiliation with PBS in 2017[322]): WTTW 11, producer of shows such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group. [21] After the Great Chicago Fire, many Swedish carpenters helped to rebuild the city, which led to the saying "the Swedes built Chicago. The city has been a center for rave culture, since the 1980s. [6] The large Hispanic population is rather recent, with the segregation between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites being low when compared to Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. [75] Chicago was the location of the infamous St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929, when Al Capone sent men to gun down members of a rival gang, North Side, led by Bugs Moran. [3], In 2000, 21.7% of the population was foreign born; of this, 56.3% came from Latin America, 23.1% from Europe, 18.0% from Asia and 2.6% from other parts of the world. [321] Each of the big four U.S. television networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and Fox, directly owns and operates a high-definition television station in Chicago (WBBM 2, WLS 7, WMAQ 5 and WFLD 32, respectively). Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, with the Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[207] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907. In a 2016 campus survey, students identified 19 different spiritual and nonreligious practices. [288] Violent crime rates vary significantly by area of the city, with more economically developed areas having low rates, but other sections have much higher rates of crime. [268] The boulevards and the parks were authorized by the Illinois legislature in 1869. Concern for social problems among Chicago's immigrant poor led Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr to found Hull House in 1889. 23,915. [346] CREATE, the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program, comprises about 70 programs, including crossovers, overpasses and underpasses, that intend to significantly improve the speed of freight movements in the Chicago area.[347]. [106] The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties. [301] According to the FBI, St. Louis, New Orleans, Detroit, and Baltimore had the highest murder rate along with several other cities. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. Greyhound Lines provides inter-city bus service to and from the city, and Chicago is also the hub for the Midwest network of Megabus (North America). [119] Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and densest. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. [9] The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by 1900, less than 30 years after the fire, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United Statesabout $670.5billion according to September 2017 estimates. [349] Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. He defeated Douglas in the general election, and this set the stage for the American Civil War. [65][66] In 1883, Chicago's railway managers needed a general time convention, so they developed the standardized system of North American time zones. Jackson Park offers more than 500 acres of mature parkland along the lakefront, containing flower gardens, watercourses to wooded isles, sports facilities, stocked fish ponds, 18 miles of walking and biking pathsand it's the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center. They come to see the nations oldest zoo to explore exotic plants at the grand Victorian glass conservatory, enjoy plays at the outdoor theater, row along the canal, stroll through the North Pond Nature Sanctuary and Butterfly conservatory, picnic on the playing fields, and frolic on North Avenue Beach. But some of the nations biggest metropolitan areas have a very different look. Polish people have been prevalent from the city's early history, but the largest waves of immigration were in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; they have been influential in the economic and social development of Chicago. Chicago is the birthplace of gospel, electric blues, house, juke, footwork, and drill. Richard Giraldi of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked on the significance of the label and wrote, "As important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago's Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres."[331]. [citation needed], Other live-music genre which are part of the city's cultural heritage include Chicago blues, Chicago soul, jazz, and gospel. [citation needed], Chicago contains less than 25% of the state's population, but it is split between eight of Illinois' 19 districts in the United States House of Representatives. attendance at prayer groups by metro area, Learn More: frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups, At least once a week, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who meditate, Compare: Religious composition of adults in the Chicago metro area Christian 71% Evangelical Protestant 16% Mainline Protestant 11% Historically Black Protestant 8% Catholic 34% Mormon < 1% Orthodox Christian 1% Jehovah's Witness 1% Other Christian 1% Non-Christian Faiths 7% Jewish 3% Muslim 2% Buddhist 1% Hindu 1% Other World Religions 1% Other Faiths 1% The Devon Avenue corridor on the far north side is one of the largest South Asian neighborhoods/markets in North America. [341] The program ended on October 15, with nearly 800,000 rides taken. [182], The first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993 were held in Chicago. The challenge for early writers was that Chicago was a frontier outpost that transformed into a global metropolis in the span of two generations. In the summer, many outdoor concerts are given in Grant Park and Millennium Park. The undergraduate student body is split among 41 states (may include Washington D.C.). The city has one of the largest Assyrian Diaspora populations, with the Assyrian community of Metropolitan Chicago numbering as many as 80,000. While the genre was pioneered by Throbbing Gristle in the late 70s, the genre was largely started in the United Kingdom, with the Chicago-based record label Wax Trax! In the 1800s, Chicago became the nation's railroad hub, and by 1910 over 20 railroads operated passenger service out of six different downtown terminals. The label first found success with Ministry, with the release of the cold life single, which entered the US Dance charts in 1982. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Navy Pier, located just east of Streeterville, is 3,000ft (910m) long and houses retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. [192] The city is the seat of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the Bank's Seventh District. ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. In addition, Chicago is the home of satirical national news outlet, The Onion, as well as its sister pop-culture publication, The A.V. However, it was less than in many smaller American cities, including New Orleans, Newark, and Detroit, although the latter has fallen substantially in recent years. Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. Germans, Irish, Poles, Swedes, and Czechs made up nearly two-thirds of the foreign-born population (by 1900, whites were 98.1% of the city's population). [177], Non-Christian faiths accounted for 7% of the religious population in 2014. With more than 370 religious bodies,over 350,000 congregations, and over 160 million adherents,the 2020 U.S. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. [citation needed] Highly regarded universities in Chicago and the surrounding area are: the University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Illinois Institute of Technology; Loyola University Chicago; DePaul University; Columbia College Chicago and University of Illinois at Chicago. The religious face of America is largely a Christian one, with roughly seven-in-ten Americans belonging to that faith. [citation needed], The Great Migration, which had been on pause due to the Depression, resumed at an even faster pace in the second wave, as hundreds of thousands of blacks from the South arrived in the city to work in the steel mills, railroads, and shipping yards. 2010 U.S.Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. Prominent Latino cultural attractions found here include Humboldt Park's Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Culture and the annual Puerto Rican People's Parade, as well as the National Museum of Mexican Art and St. Adalbert's Church in Pilsen. [91][92], In 1992, a construction accident near the Kinzie Street Bridge produced a breach connecting the Chicago River to a tunnel below, which was part of an abandoned freight tunnel system extending throughout the downtown Loop district. Data from 372groups has arrived. [361] Like Chicago, many of them are the main city of a country that has had large numbers of immigrants settle in Chicago. Chicago's homicide tally remained low during 2005 (449), 2006 (452), and 2007 (435) but rose to 510 in 2008, breaking 500 for the first time since 2003. [179] Since the 20th century Chicago has also been the headquarters of the Assyrian Church of the East. [286], According to reports in 2013, "most of Chicago's violent crime comes from gangs trying to maintain control of drug-selling territories",[287] and is specifically related to the activities of the Sinaloa Cartel, which is active in several American cities. After successfully running for re-election five times, and becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley declined to run for a seventh term. [305], In September 2016, an Illinois state appellate court found that cities do not have an obligation under the Illinois Constitution to pay certain benefits if those benefits had included an expiration date under whichever negotiated agreement they were covered. [citation needed]. [190] In 2009 Chicago placed ninth on the UBS list of the world's richest cities. 35.2%. For every 100 females there were 94.2 males. 3.52. The Chicago Marathon is one of six World Marathon Majors. Lincoln Park, on Chicagos North Side, attracts 20 million visitors annually. frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by metro area, Learn More: frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing, At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who feel a sense of wonder about the universe, Compare: Today, the Chicago Park District consists of more than 570 parks with over 8,000 acres (3,200ha) of municipal parkland. The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white ), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. [citation needed]. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census,[7] it is also the most populous city in the Midwest. If treated as a separate category, Hispanics are the largest minority group in Chicago, Illinois. The park is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in South Side Chicago. Chicago has a sizeable Romanian American community,[13] As of 2018[update], the Lithuanian population is over 100,000 and was formerly over 300,000; the world's oldest continuously published Lithuanian-language newspaper Draugus is based in Chicago. But all three will vote for a turkey. During much of the last half of the 19th century, Chicago's politics were dominated by a growing Democratic Party organization. At least 7.2% identify as a different race and 0.1% identifies as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Chase Bank has its commercial and retail banking headquarters in Chicago's Chase Tower. ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad. ), Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad. [262] The Fire have won one league title and four U.S.Open Cups, since their founding in 1997. [132], The city lies within the typical hot-summer humid continental climate (Kppen: Dfa), and experiences four distinct seasons. In February 1856, Chicago's Common Council approved Chesbrough's plan to build the United States' first comprehensive sewerage system. [25], The city has had several nicknames throughout its history, such as the Windy City, Chi-Town, Second City, and City of the Big Shoulders. [219], Renowned Chicago theater companies include the Goodman Theatre in the Loop; the Steppenwolf Theatre Company and Victory Gardens Theater in Lincoln Park; and the Chicago Shakespeare Theater at Navy Pier. WGN America eventually became NewsNation in 2021. It is the principal city in the Chicago metropolitan area, situated in both the Midwestern United States and the Great Lakes region. The mother-in-law is a tamale topped with chili and served on a hot dog bun. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a blue bag program to divert recyclable refuse from landfills. [94] Emanuel was sworn in as mayor on May 16, 2011, and won re-election in 2015. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax In 1900, 470,000 Chicagoansone out of every four residentshad either been born in Germany or had a parent born there. Discovery Channel films two shows in Chicago: Cook County Jail and the Chicago version of Cash Cab. Nearly a quarter of New Yorkers are religiously unaffiliated (24%), but the city also is home to relatively high numbers of members of non-Christian faiths. View maps for any participating religious group. [96] All three city-wide elective offices were held by women (and women of color) for the first time in Chicago history: in addition to Lightfoot, the City Clerk was Anna Valencia and City Treasurer, Melissa Conyears-Ervin. Recently, the city began installing wind turbines on government buildings to promote renewable energy.[352][353][354]. In 1906, they established Dzemijetul Hajrije (The Benevolent Society) of Illinois to preserve the community's religious and national traditions as well as to provide mutual assistance for funerals and illness. The Near West Side holds the University of Illinois at Chicago and was once home to Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Studios, the site of which has been rebuilt as the global headquarters of McDonald's. After playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field, the team moved to suburban Bridgeview to play at SeatGeek Stadium. View the 2010 U.S. The COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, and are an important tool for ending the global pandemic. [citation needed], Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. an Irishman." In The Dark Knight Trilogy and the DC Extended Universe, Chicago was used as the inspiration and filming site for Gotham City and Metropolis respectively. This dialect can also be found in other cities bordering the Great Lakes such as Cleveland, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Rochester, New York, and most prominently features a rearrangement of certain vowel sounds, such as the short 'a' sound as in "cat", which can sound more like "kyet" to outsiders. Polish language productions for Chicago's large Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park. The beauty of Chicago lies not only in its magnificent architecture, but also in the city's vast preserved green and open spaces. Chicago had more homicides than any other city in 2015 in total but not on per capita basis, according to the Chicago Tribune. Because of this, ComEd reports indicate that Chicago receives about 75% of its electricity from nuclear power. In 2015, 26.5 percent of Chicago households were without a car, and increased slightly to 27.5 percent in 2016. [50][51][52] Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact,[53] and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone. In Millennium Park, the reflective Cloud Gate public sculpture by artist Anish Kapoor is the centerpiece of the AT&T Plaza in Millennium Park. As much as Chicagoans like to play sports, we also love to watch the pros do it. Judaism has at least 261,000 adherents which is 3% of the population, making it the second largest religion. The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most recognized basketball teams in the world. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the third-largest Czech city in the world, after Prague and Vienna. United States. [27] There are about 185,000 Arabs in Cook County with another 75,000 in the five surrounding counties. From the 1950s through 1970s, American poetry continued to evolve in Chicago. views about size of government by metro area, Learn More: views about size of government, Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say government aid to the poor, Compare: "[22] Swedish influence is evident in Andersonville on the far north side. It includes Rush University Medical Center, ranked as the second best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201416, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation.[357]. The top five races for people living in Chicago are: White (44%), Black (32%), Asian (5%), Hispanic or Latino (28%), Two or more races (2%). Be mindful of course content that may privilege certain religious perspectives. Purchase this important reference work thatincludes maps and charts. The DW60 stands at approximately 196ft (60m), which is 46 feet (14m) taller than the previous wheel. [14] It is home to several Fortune 500 companies, including Archer-Daniels-Midland, Conagra Brands, Exelon, JLL, Kraft Heinz, McDonald's, Mondelez International, Motorola Solutions, Sears, and United Airlines Holdings.[18]. [350] The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline. When founded in 1833, fewer than 200 people had settled on what was then the American frontier. [314] According to data compiled in 2014, Chicago's "choice system", where students who test or apply and may attend one of a number of public high schools (there are about 130), sorts students of different achievement levels into different schools (high performing, middle performing, and low performing schools). The other remaining charter franchise, the Chicago Cardinals, also started out in the city, but is now known as the Arizona Cardinals. [158] Chicago's South Side emerged as United States second-largest urban black concentration, following New York's Harlem. These set a precedent for worldwide construction. RELIGION CENSUS FINDINGS, VIEW THE 2010 MAJORU.S. [76], Chicago was the first American city to have a homosexual-rights organization. This series gives a picture of county-level religious affiliation nationwide. Notable studios includeCinespaceStudios, the largest North American soundstage outside of L.A and Music Box Films, one of the leading distributors of foreign language films documentaries in the U.S. For film fans, theres the free Millennium Park Summer Film Series and film festivals year-round like the Chicago International Film Festival, the Latino, Black Harvest, Reeling (LGBTQ), Underground, Midwest Independent, and Childrens International film fest. Kortmann, Bernd, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie, Edgar W. Schneider and Clive Upton (eds). Chicago has several other contemporary and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago and Chicago Dance Crash. and Chicago Med. [356], The Illinois Medical District is on the Near West Side. They were following Serbian and Hungarian immigrants who found work in the steel mills and factories of the city. Pixabay . Sign up to receive updates. General Population Characteristics, 2020 East Gareld Park City of Chicago CMAP Region Total Population 19,992 2,746,388 8,577,735 Total Households 7,828 1,142,725 3,266,741 Average Household Size 2.5 2.4 2.6 Percent Population Change, 2010-20-2.8 1.9 1.7 Percent Population Change, 2000-20-4.3 -5.2 5.3 Source: 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census. Persons per household, 2017-2021. About a third of residents of New York (33%), Los Angeles (32%) and Chicago (34%) are Catholic. 85.4%. religious attendance by metro area, Learn More: attendance at religious services, At least once a week, Once or twice a month/a few times a year, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who pray, Compare: Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. [citation needed], Chicago has been a hub of the retail sector since its early development, with Montgomery Ward, Sears, and Marshall Field's. While the Chicago Loop is the central business district, Chicago is also a city of neighborhoods. The main ethnic groups in Chicago include Irish, German, Italian, Mexican, Assyrian, Arab, Bangladeshi, Jews, English, Bosnian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Czech, Greek, Black, Korean, Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Albanian, Pakistani, Polish, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swedish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Belgian, Cuban, Vietnamese, and Puerto Rican. [15] The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. [168] In 2015, roughly 4% of the population identified as LGBT. [citation needed] Lollapalooza originated in Chicago in 1991 and at first travelled to many cities, but as of 2005 its home has been Chicago. Chicago has professional sports teams in each of the major professional leagues, including two Major League Baseball teams. The Willis Tower has an observation deck open to tourists year round with high up views overlooking Chicago and Lake Michigan. [210], Chicago's minimum wage for non-tipped employees is one of the highest in the nation and reached $15 in 2021. Were also the home of renowned artists including Louis Armstrong, Jennifer Hudson, Earth, Wind and Fire, Chance the Rapper, Common Smashing Pumpkins, Rise Against,Muddy Waters, and Kanye West. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the skyscraper era,[57] which would then be followed by many other cities around the world. [140][143] Most of the city's rainfall is brought by thunderstorms, averaging 38 a year. Explore from one of the 150-plus buildings with behind-the-scenes tours. Chicago is one of the largest hubs of passenger rail service in the nation. [249] Much notable Chicago fiction focuses on the city itself, with social criticism keeping exultation in check. [243] The appetizer, which consists of a square of fried cheese, is doused with Metaxa and flambed table-side. [362], To celebrate the sister cities, Chicago hosts a yearly festival in Daley Plaza, which features cultural acts and food tastings from the other cities.