geodesic dome construction details pdf

/*Archives*/ Carrie Jolly Pictures, This is the 6m version of the very popular Geodesic tunnel design I have subdivided a 2v dome to make a pseudo 4v framework then added the tunnel section in the middle. View: View of the dome is of ethylene tetra-fluoride ethylene on which protective layer prevents the penetration of ultraviolet radiation is covered. [Architectural Models]. 5 hexagons surround this pentagon. Figure 1: 6V Geodesic Dome and Buckminster Fuller Stamp The geodesic dome was invented by R. Buckminster (Bucky) Fuller (1895-1983) in 1954. Geodesic dome A geodesic dome is a spherical or partial-spherical shell structure based on a network of great circles (geodesics) lying on the surface of a sphere.The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and also distribute the stress across the entire structure. 2x4 domes and big domes in heavy snow loads may be safer when built with 16 centers. Dr. Then we have tried to build a really simple geodesic dome with pretty simple materials and a little reed, adhesive. .date { There is also useful information on how to build a geodesic dome tent using geodesic dome formulas. img.emoji { Being sustainable, geodesic dome is being used very frequently from the past few decades. Step 5: At this stage, approximately dome began to take shape, at this section you will make a 5 sided shape with red straws together to build the vertices of the star. The structural, formal, and social eccentricity of the Drop City artists commune in Colorado defied conventional definition as architecture, but rendered it a singular motif in accounts of experimental architecture, and made it a countercultural domicile without peer. Click here to View figure, Figure 9: Connecting vertices of the triangles A SOURCE BOOK FOR ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS, Transformables 2013. .metaslider .flexslider { My first reaction on the geodesic dome was of excitement to see such a construction form a half-sphere, though the smaller sub-division versions (like 2V) looked too edgy for my taste as I am more interested in round, smooth and circular forms. In structural design of this project geodesic dome is used. window.lsow_fs = {can_use_premium_code: false}; It is easy to subdivide an equilateral triangle into 4, 9, 16, or . A geodesic dome's basic spherical design is based on a complicated math, which allows multiple triangular frames to form a dome-shape framework, in such a way that each face has a straight, flat surface. Small straw is about 3 feet and 6 inches (about 106 centimeters) long and marked with a blue bar. door works out at 1550mm but can be made taller by putting a deeper base beam. Specifically the "geodesic dome" structure is the most attractive structure which. border-bottom: 10px solid #33ac08; 1. Technical details: (all figures are approximate). This layer turns dark in intense light and it helps regulating the amount of light into the complex. text-decoration: none; Figure 7 displays the 2V dome (a half-sphere) and the corresponding 2V sphere. 13 September 2011. Geodesic dome plans. Menu. All Rights Reserved. This is how to join the bars for your dome. In addition with that it meets many of visual attractions that are important in architectural design. Plus, wind is more easily able to get around the dome shape than a rectangular structure. This article offers geodesic dome plans, geodesic dome cover patterns, and a calculator for geodesic dome formulas. [CDATA[ */ Cara Setting Keyboard Xiaomi, } Domes, Spires and Vaults 13.8. 1 0 obj color: #000000; Although the majority of geodesic dome experimen- If geodesic dome is 3/4 (three-quarters) of the sphere it still have 5 points which can rely on and buoyancy forces are inward and also intense. The triangle is a natural mathematical figure that provides . The linked triangles create a self-bracing framework that is structurally strong yet elegantly delicate. " /> Domes are extremely robust structures that actually as they grow bigger they become stronger, it is the opposite of what normally occurs in construction. (Ghorbanzadeh, 2008) In terms of structural constructing geodesic domes are far beyond the traditional methods of construction (vertical beams and columns). Generally geodesic structures have the following advantages: How to Transfer Forces 7.2k. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.11.Special-Issue1.08, Ghorbanzadeh M. How to Build a Geodesic Dome An Overview and Introduction for Construction of Geodesic Domes in a Simple Word in Addition With Studding a Case and Designing a Research Center with this Structure. (Ghorbanzadeh, 2008) Copyright 2023 Natural Spaces Domes. } The parts are readily available at any local hardware store, and the cost for this 19 feet x 9.5, 278 square feet dome is about $300. In the case of this incredible geodesic greenhouse dome, it is the necessity to re-localise our food supply and begin to build resilience back into our local communities and even into our own backyards. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Using our unique pseudo phase construction technique and hub-less building system this dome is big but super easy to build. Your email address will not be published. This Instructable will show you how I built a 20' dome for about $250, with the majority of that cost being the greenhouse plastic ($167 with shipping.) Geodesic dome dwg. These are designed so they receive natural light and emptying of the volume of the original volume in terms of visual effect is multiplied. /* While it is true that Fuller reached global recognition through his geodesic domes, it is also true that Fuller's contributions do not stop there. Geodesic dome is a spherical structures that is formed of five Platonic geometry used in construction, although apparently the dome has complex geometry, they have quick and easy way for constructing. the staircase leads to the second floor supported by a column. geo-dome plans intro Geodesic domes - Metric Measurements Geodesic domes - Imperial Measurements Geodesic domes - varied designs Geodesic Dome plans - Metric measurements 3.7k. width: 1500px; endobj www.smv.org What You'll Do 1. Invention of geodesic dome was by the Buckminster Fuller that took almost 20-year effort to build for, this invention was a brilliant display of his principles about energy and force, and in fact, the invention can solve many problems in building. These triangles can be further divided into smaller triangles. margin-top: 40px; This pattern is established around the figure that Fuller called Vector Equilibrium (VE), which is a cube-octahedron. A geodesic dome is a spherical space-frame structure composed of a complex network of triangles. Design a Research Center with Geodesic Structures In designing we the generality to detailed was more in consideration and also we cared about the potential of the construction to be able to be used as a real structure in building. border-collapse: collapse; When completed to form a full sphere, it is known as a geodesic sphere. Library Projects Geodesics domes Download dwg PREMIUM - 71.26 KB 10.6k Views [CDATA[ */ Also, find pictures of domes in action at Burning Man and around the world. This results in a multiplicity of geodesic dome types. Step 4: At this stage triangles of second step are connected together. But a 20th-century invention would change dome engineering forever. The construction of the 50-meter Geodesic Dome completed in 22 hours with 38 workers. I Congreso Internacional sobre Arquitectura e Ingeniera Transformable En honor de Emilio Prez Piero, Jos Calvo-Lpez, Martino Pea Fernandez-Serrano. color:#000000; Understand the basic structural engineering concepts that underlie geodesic dome construction. This design uses the minimum amount of material to cover the most growing area, it can also be expanded by nesting more domes together as your needs grow. } With this coverage we can make sure that plenty of day light passes of sphere coverage and feed the plant life inside. . History of Geodesic Dome The structures is climbing shaped which means it is arranged from bottom to top and grows from the ground, about 35 pieces of bamboo with a length of about 4 feet (about 121 cm) is needed to be marked with red stripes and will help to establish the dome. He has been offering the following plans for many years, and with great success to clients around the world. We offer interior planning kits to get you started and help you layout your own preliminary custom plan or you can customize one of our standard plans listed below. .entry-content a{ The geodesic dome was invented by R. Buckminster (Bucky) Fuller (1895-1983) in 1954. Origin of the Geodesic Dome. Eastern Economic Forum 22m Geodesic Dome, 2017, Vladivostok, Russky Island. A geodesic dome is a spherical or hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a network of geodesics (great circles) on the surface of a sphere or a hemisphere. Currently, these domes are also used as residential constructions. .contenu { For the construction of the spherical surface that would close the planetarium and where the images would be displayed, Bauersfeld developed the same principle that has invented for the projector, geometrizes hemispherical dome derived from a truncated icosahedron. These tunnel plans are available from 3m diameter (10 ft) to 6m (20 ft) This is the metric version but imperial measurements available if required. The geodesic dome of the DYE-2 station of the missile strike early detection system in Greenland, with a diameter of more than 20 m, the construction of which began in the late 1950s. List of Geodesic Dome Plans to show How to Build a Geodesic Dome. font-size: 0; the fifth-largest dome and largest wooden dome in the world, (figure 10,11). GEODESIQUE DOME. Watch for new changes. You will need some accurate wood machining facilities and a few basic woodworking tools to build this kit. @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { .so-mobilenav-mobile + * { display: block; } .so-mobilenav-standard + * { display: none; } .site-navigation #search-icon { display: none; } } In earlier attempts at construction, I built a 4 ft (1200 mm) low-wall base, which required me to stoop, almost crawl, through the low door frame. The nth order geodesation operation replaces each polygon of the polyhedron by the projection onto the circumsphere of the order-n regular tessellation of that polygon. Click here to View figure, Figure 3: Pictures of geodesic dome`s replica, author Designing and building a geodesic dome as a bearing structure for an 'artificial sky' ligthting installation Conference: Evolution and Trends in Design, Analysis and Construction of Shell and. Click here to View figure, Figure 18: Working equipment in the site On this site you will find information on how to build your own geodesic dome, as well as how to order one made to your specifications. text-align: right; Available from:http://www.cwejournal.org?p=928/, Download article (pdf) In designing the view of the dome we tried to completely keep the transparency in an attempt to reflect the sky on the project which will contribute to the main idea. You can only cover this dome in polythene (polyethylene). Ghorbanzadeh, M., Course notes, pamphlets of advanced building systems and construction systems classes, architectural technology graduate of Tehran University, The professor: Professor Mahmoud Golabchi, 2008, Wikipedia, Geodesic dome, the free encyclopedia, Last visited: 31/Dec/2015, Baldwin, J., Geodesic Domes, American masters, Thirteen media with impact, 2015, Moore, F,. 5 pentagons are then arranged around the Detailed plans show you how to make all the parts required and include assembly instructions for building your dome. The most basic and common dome is based on the aforementioned icosahedron with its 20 faces made up of equilateral triangles. Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. The plans and photos are Students work in teams to design and build a small dome frame out of everyday items that can hold a weight on top without collapsing. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Figure 7 displays the 2V dome (a half-sphere) and the corresponding 2V sphere. Ghorbanzadeh M. How to Build a Geodesic Dome An Overview and Introduction for Construction of Geodesic Domes in a Simple Word in Addition With Studding a Case and Designing a Research Center with this Structure. $22.5 USDThis is a 3m diameter high profile dome, very easy to build because it only has two different frames to make. According to the engineering Calculation of the tensile fabric structures, we choose the best price and the most suitable quality rope fittings. Variations of this plans available for sizes up to about 8 meters in diameter. endobj A geodesic dome construction comprising a plurality of triangular panels being coupled together forming a portion of a geodesic polyhedron structure, wherein each side of each of said. .archive #page-title { Supportive straws are blue and star straws are red. This allows to the architect of Murcia further progress in his investigation of reticular structures, knowledge that have been protected in the U.S. under the patent called "Three Dimensional Reticular Structure " in 1961. .so-mobilenav-mobile + * { display: none; } As for 2x4 versus 2x6 construction, I would advise not to build any serious dome home with 2x4s. . padding: 10px 20px; #footer-widgets aside { width : 25%; } @import url(//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400&display=block); body,button,input,select,textarea { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } #masthead.site-header .hgroup h1 { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } #page-wrapper h1,#page-wrapper h2,#page-wrapper h3,#page-wrapper h4,#page-wrapper h5,#page-wrapper h6 { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } .main-navigation, .mobile-nav-frame, .mobile-nav-frame .title h3 { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } #masthead .hgroup h1, #masthead.masthead-logo-in-menu .logo > h1 { color: #000000 } #masthead .hgroup .support-text, #masthead .hgroup .site-description { font-size: 28px; color: #000000 } #page-title, article.post .entry-header h1.entry-title, article.page .entry-header h1.entry-title { font-size: 32px; color: #000000 } .entry-content { font-size: 16px } .entry-content, #comments .commentlist article .comment-meta a { color: #000000 } .entry-content h1, .entry-content h2, .entry-content h3, .entry-content h4, .entry-content h5, .entry-content h6, #comments .commentlist article .comment-author a, #comments .commentlist article .comment-author, #comments-title, #reply-title, #commentform label { color: #000000 } #comments-title, #reply-title { border-bottom-color: #000000 } .entry-content h1 { font-size: 32px } .entry-content h2 { font-size: 28px } .entry-content h3 { font-size: 24px } .entry-content h4 { font-size: 20px } .entry-content h5 { font-size: 18px } .entry-content h6 { font-size: 16px } #masthead .hgroup { padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom: 25px } .entry-content a, .entry-content a:visited, article.post .author-box .box-content .author-posts a:hover, #secondary a, #secondary a:visited, #masthead .hgroup a, #masthead .hgroup a:visited, .comment-form .logged-in-as a, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:visited { color: #f5853b } .entry-content a, .textwidget a { text-decoration: none } .entry-content a:hover, .entry-content a:focus, .entry-content a:active, #secondary a:hover, #masthead .hgroup a:hover, #masthead .hgroup a:focus, #masthead .hgroup a:active, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:hover, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:focus, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:active { color: #33ac08 } .main-navigation { background-color: #f5853b } .main-navigation a { color: #000000 } .main-navigation ul ul { background-color: #f5853b } .main-navigation ul ul a { color: #000000 } .main-navigation ul li:hover > a, .main-navigation ul li:focus > a, #search-icon #search-icon-icon:hover, #search-icon #search-icon-icon:focus { background-color: #ffffff } .main-navigation ul li:hover > a, .main-navigation ul li:focus > a, .main-navigation ul li:hover > a [class^="fa fa-"] { color: #f5853b } .main-navigation ul ul li:hover > a { background-color: #ffffff; color: #f5853b } .main-navigation [class^="fa fa-"], .main-navigation .mobile-nav-icon { color: #ffffff } #search-icon #search-icon-icon { background-color: #f5853b } #search-icon #search-icon-icon .vantage-icon-search { color: #ffffff } #search-icon #search-icon-icon:hover .vantage-icon-search, #search-icon #search-icon-icon:focus .vantage-icon-search { color: #f5853b } #search-icon .searchform { background-color: #ffffff } #search-icon .searchform input[name=s] { color: #000000 } .main-navigation ul li a { padding-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 16px } .main-navigation ul li a, #masthead.masthead-logo-in-menu .logo { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px } .main-navigation ul li { font-size: 18px } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, #infinite-handle span { background: #f5853b; border-color: #f1d46f } a.button:hover, button:hover, html input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-navigation a:hover, #image-navigation a:hover, article.post .more-link:hover, article.page .more-link:hover, .paging-navigation a:hover, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce .checkout-button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:hover, #infinite-handle span:hover { background: #f5853b } a.button:hover, button:hover, html input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-navigation a:hover, #image-navigation a:hover, article.post .more-link:hover, article.page .more-link:hover, .paging-navigation a:hover, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce .checkout-button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, #infinite-handle span:hover { opacity: 0.75; border-color: #f1d46f } a.button:focus, button:focus, html input[type="button"]:focus, input[type="reset"]:focus, input[type="submit"]:focus, .post-navigation a:focus, #image-navigation a:focus, article.post .more-link:focus, article.page .more-link:focus, .paging-navigation a:focus, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:focus, .woocommerce a.button:focus, .woocommerce .checkout-button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:disabled:focus, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:focus, #infinite-handle span:focus { background: #f5853b } a.button:focus, button:focus, html input[type="button"]:focus, input[type="reset"]:focus, input[type="submit"]:focus, .post-navigation a:focus, #image-navigation a:focus, article.post .more-link:focus, article.page .more-link:focus, .paging-navigation a:focus, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:focus, .woocommerce a.button:focus, .woocommerce .checkout-button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:focus, #infinite-handle span:focus { opacity: 0.75; border-color: #f1d46f } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, .woocommerce #respond input#submit:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce button.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled], .woocommerce input.button:disabled:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:hover, #infinite-handle span button { color: #ffffff } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, #infinite-handle span button { text-shadow: none } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt, .woocommerce a.button.alt, .woocommerce button.button.alt, .woocommerce input.button.alt, #infinite-handle span { -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none } #footer-widgets .widget .widget-title { color: #ffffff } #footer-widgets .widget { color: #ffffff } #colophon .widget_nav_menu .menu-item a { border-color: #ffffff } #footer-widgets .widget a, #footer-widgets .widget a:visited { color: #ffffff } #footer-widgets .widget a:hover, #footer-widgets .widget a:focus, #footer-widgets .widget a:active { color: #ffffff } #colophon #theme-attribution, #colophon #site-info { color: #ffffff } #colophon #theme-attribution a, #colophon #site-info a { color: #ffffff } Send us a sketch of the dome layout you want and let us review our plan files to see if we have a pre-designed plan to fit your needs. Lower frequency domes (those with fewer parts) are easier to put together, but those with greater frequency can be built to bigger sizes. We'll begin by describing the standard construction of domes of various complexity beginning with an icosa-hedron. Natural Spaces Domes would like to have the opportunity to create your plan with you our experience and your dreams will make your dome come true. This book is for people who want t o build their own domes. We look at your site and study the views, contours, water drainage, sun angles, prevailing winds, and other layout considerations. The dome must include a minimum of 1 hexagon in the structure. EACH DOME Ledger Hangers Required 4 x 12 9 Full 1 End FIRST FLOOR 2430 SQ. .epyt-gallery-thumb { The geodesic dome, a system of triangular forms linked together to enclose a space, distributes stress and weight in the most economical way.A geodesic domes parts are interchangeable enabling it to be easily manufactured and constructed and increase in height while decreasing in width. display: block; Click here to View figure, Figure 20: Cover of the building is Begin by exploring the strength of different shapes. There are different sizes of triangles in a geodesic dome that depends on frequency of divisions of multi-faceted lower parts which all the vertices of the triangle is located approximately on the sphere. Introduction (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); AirCrete Homes. While view and other operational details are easy to design, so that not only the architecture and structure have been answered very well, but also absorbing a beautiful volume that also reflects the power of design and construction engineering of the country. This is done that if you look at the doom from above, a red star should be seen. box of lies online generator dome construction details. background-color: #f5853b; (Ghorbanzadeh, 2008) A tetrahedron is a polyhedron with four sides, but is also called a pyramid. There have been many reviews of virus structure in the past (see, e.g., [14]), and it would Geodesic Domes by Tom Davis (PDF) Pro & Contra. } Flickr user Montreal Biosphre Article 1. .entry-content table { Click here to View figure, Figure 5: Pictures of a geodesic dome form margin-bottom: 15px; More information Diagram for geodesic dome construction. text-align:center; Geodesic Domes are awesome. Geodesic domes are the strongest, surface area per square foot of living space which equals less heat loss. line-height: 29px; Click here to View figure. I t s also for those who are interested in domes and want t o learn more about them. Typical Panel Layout 13.8E. (function () { 3. Al Ghurair University, Dubai Academic City Great design is often born from necessity. Due to the absence of corners, the temperatures are even, and air circulation is unobstructed. 5 hexagons surround this pentagon. Or the dome starts breaking in parts from the lower layers such as the dome of South Pole. We also know the work of 1953 called Flying Seedpod developed at the University of Washington in St Louis. areas in India and has great scope as a building material. It has excellent strength under tension and compression and can used for construction purpose almost exclusively as well as with reinforced concrete and has many other applications. +@dd* =zj^,DWp!/ >hbGGQ Click here to View figure, Figure 10: creating the upper triangles Honolulu Kaiser Auditorium constructed in 1957 in Hawaii. By June 21, 2022 springhill elementary school calendar on dome construction details June 21, 2022 springhill elementary school calendar on dome construction details 2. [Architectural Models]. High blue roof is installed, to use blue straws in the center of the circle to connect them together, the straws are used to connect to vertices of 5 sides. 2. which is defined by a single rail forming a double height. As mentioned, the volume of a geodesic dome structure which is 4/3 of the ring itself sits on a ring of reinforced concrete, 85 cm concrete columns help the ring to transmit the load to the foundations. geodesic dome construction details pdf Geodesic Domes dates us back to the Mid-20th CE when the famous architect, Buckminster Fuller explored out of the boundaries and experimented with the potential triangle joints in a dome. (Jonathan, 2015) For this purpose, light bamboo is used that you can still use it to make a dwelling in the garden. var sibErrMsg = {"invalidMail":"Please fill out valid email address","requiredField":"Please fill out required fields","invalidDateFormat":"Please fill out valid date format","invalidSMSFormat":"Please fill out valid phone number"}; } /* ]]> */ Domes must be hollow and have an open lattice. A geodesic dome is a triangulation of a Platonic solid or other polyhedron to produce a close approximation to a sphere (or hemisphere). (Hugh, 2003) RESEARCH 2 Al Ghurair University, Dubai Academic City. The joint where the straight ends of the struts meet is called a node. Dome struts may be high-strength metal alloys, or more traditional wood members. background-color: #f5853b; Determine Dome Circumference and Panel Width at Base 13.8B. Our innovative and unique geodesic domes construction are long lasting, eco-friendly. (Ghorbanzadeh, 2008) In terms of structural constructing geodesic domes are far beyond the traditional methods of construction (vertical beams and columns). The term geodesic is from Latin, meaning earth dividing. } combining hexagons and pentagon max skp details. So although software might be able to calculate enormously intricate domes, in reality, only a few basic designs usually wind up in the real world. .archive #page-title span { Click here to View figure, Figure 13: How to cover the structure with aluminum foils font-size: 20px; He first designed this dome, 17 meters high, for DOD at elevations that its wind speed reaches 360 kilometers per second, accessing to this technology which was during the Cold War led to president Nixons claim that: We can create a roof on all American cities. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements, which have local, triangular rigidity, and so distribute the close. Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Grounds of the floors are open in the corners of a size of about 1.5 meters to allow natural ventilation and heat exchange and enables more air in accordance with the principles of sustainable architecture adequate and coordinate.